FLORA AND VEGETATION

   Recent research has led to the identification of 955 species of wild cormophytes, including:
   Eurasian elements (28%)
   Eastern (24%)
   European (14%)
   cosmopolitan and adventive. 

  From an environmental perspective only a quarter of species (26%) are related to the aquatic environment (hydrophilic, hydrophilic and higromezofile), the rest being mesophilic, xerophyte, eurifile, halophile, psamofile. Give the keynote reed, bulrush, willow, floating plants (water lilies, cornacii, sickle). Find refuge in the delta several rare species, such as Ephedra distachya, Carex colchica, Nymphaea candida, Convolvulus persicus.  The Danube Delta reed swamp vegetation predominates, occupying approx. 78% of the total area. The main species reed, bulrush, sedge, mixed with dwarf willow and many other species.

   The specific area is given by the following species: Salicornia bed marinus Juncus, Juncus littoralis, Plantago horn. Riverside coppices are forests of willow, ash, alder, poplar, which grow on river levees are periodically flooded and are being developed within 6% of the total area. Specific river delta, where they note the characteristic landscape. Encounter four types of water meadows: riverside coppices growing on low river levees, flooded most of the year and consist mainly of Salix alba and Salix fragilis, the highest levees formed by water meadows grow Salix alba, Populus alba, Populus canescens , the highest increase river levees rarely flooded water meadows consisting of poplar (Population and P.alba canescens), plus species planted: black poplar hybrids Pennsylvania American maple and ash, a type of park is rarely Arinişul (Alnus glutinosa dominated) appearing on river levees in the delta Marine. Sandy grassland steppe vegetation spread over 3% of the delta, developing especially Letea, Caraorman and salt fields.Here are the dominant species Festuca  Bekeri, Secale sylvestris, Carex colchica, Ephedra distachya. 

   Grassland vegetation mesofile grind grow on 3% of total delta area, especially on river banks subject to periodic flooding. Predominant Glyceria maxima, Elytrigia repens. Aquatic vegetation in lakes, and backwaters holds 2% of the total delta. For specific submerged vegetation species Ceratophyllum submersum, Myriopyllum verticillatum, Potamogeton sp. Helodea floating canadensis is more varied. Predominant Lemna minor, Salvinia natans, Spirodela polyrrhiza, jelly Nymphoides, Nymphaea alba, Nuphar luteum, Trapa natans. Emersion vegetation is dominated by reed (Phragmites australis), cattail (Typha latifolia and T. angustifolia), bulrush (Schoenolectus lacustris). Vegetation grown on sandy bushes on the fields of marine and marine shores activity extends only 1% of the total area and the delta are dominated by Tamarix ramosissima, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Hippophae rhamnoides. Letea forests and Caraorman are traces of steppe, locally called hasmace with gray oak (Quercus pedunculiflora), English oak (Q. robur), Ash (Fraxinus angustifolia), aspen (Populus tremula), elm (Ulmus foliacea) , and climbing plants Periploca graeca, Vitis silvestris, Hedra helix. Represents only 0.8% of the total area of the Danube Delta.   Specific format large reeds, reed is a 1 to 1.6 m thick layer consisting of a mat of rhizomes of reeds and roots of other aquatic plants mixed with organic debris and soil. Initially fixed, floating off the bottom of the saltmarsh and swamps turning into floating islands with different sizes which, pushed by wind, moving water surface.

   Reeds ( plaur ) vegetation differs from the rest of reeds. Reed (Phragmites australis) grows here in the best conditions, being higher and thicker. Along with reed sedge meet, mint, water fern (Nephrodium thelypteris), water hemlock, knot grass, dwarf willow, and climbing plants Calystegia sepium and Solanum dulcamara. On plaur pelican colonies are formed and curly. Also on plaur living wild boar, raccoon dog, muskrat, otter, mink, fox. 





DANUBE DELTA !